ABSTRAK

Industri tekstil tumbuh positif pada triwulan pertama tahun 2024. Berdasarkan data

Badan Pusat Statistik (BPS), industri tekstil dan pakaian jadi tumbuh mencapai

2,64%. Peningkatan performa ini turut berkontribusi terhadap pertumbuhan

ekonomi di Indonesia, yaitu sebesar 19,28%. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah

menganalisis pemenuhan baku mutu kualitas air limbah, pemenuhan waktu tinggal

untuk masing-masing unit pengolahan sesuai kriteria desain, dan memberikan

rekomendasi untuk meningkatkan performa IPAL. Jenis penelitian ini

menggunakan metode deskriptif kuantitatif menggunakan uji ANOVA Single

Factor dan uji lanjut beda nyata dengan LSD. PT X merupakan salah satu

perusahaan yang bergerak dalam bidang industri tekstil terpadu. Dalam mengolah

air limbah produksi, PT X memiliki Instalasi Pengolahan Air Limbah (IPAL)

dengan kapasitas 18.000 m3/hari - 19.000 m3/hari, seluas ±3.711 m2Air limbah

yang diolah oleh IPAL bersumber dari proses produksi meliputi proses scouring

(pemasakan), dyeing (pencelupan), dan finishing (penyempurnaan). Berdasarkan

analisis, kualitas air limbah yang dihasilkan oleh IPAL PT X untuk parameter suhu

(23,3

oC), pH (7,72), TSS (4 mg/L), amonia (0,93 mg/L), BOD (21,20 mg/L), COD,

(85,33 mg/L), dan warna (89 Pt.Co) sudah memenuhi baku mutu yang

dipersyaratkan dalam Lampiran II Permen LHK P.16 tahun 2019 tentang Baku

Mutu Air Limbah, sedangkan parameter minyak dan lemak belum memenuhi baku

mutu yaitu 49,45 mg/L. Hal tersebut disebabkan karena adanya limbah dari proses

pemasakan (scouring) yang mengandung minyak dan lemak dan juga disebabkan

karena adanya kontaminasi bahan pencemar berupa oli atau pelumas mesin yang

masuk pada saluran pembawa karena lokasi saluran pembawa yang berdekatan

dengan area bengkel alat produksi. Waktu tinggal dari masing-masing unit

pengolahan IPAL PT X yang terdiri dari unit bar screen (0,74 m/detik), unit

ekualisasi (4,32 jam), unit koagulasi (59,47 detik), flokulasi (54,77 detik), primary

clarifier (2,01 jam), oxidation ditch (19,44 jam), dan secondary clarifier (2,36 jam)

sudah sesuai dengan kriteria desain. Kosentrasi minyak dan lemak yang masih

melebihi baku mutu dapat diatasi dengan menambahkan unit grease trap pada

saluran pembawa sebelum air limbah masuk ke unit ekualisasi untuk memisahkan

minyak dan lemak dengan air limbah. Dalam meningkatkan performa IPAL,

direkomendasikan untuk melakukan pembubuhan bahan kimia di unit koagulasi

dan flokulasi secara otomasi, memperbaiki lokasi injeksi polimer anionik yang

seharusnya diletakkan diatas unit flokulasi, dan otomasi pemantauan lumpur

menggunakan sludge level sensor.

Kata kunci : Efisiensi Penyisihan, Tekstil, Kualitas Air Limbah, Kriteria Desain,

Minyak dan Lemak, Otomasi, Uji Anova, Rekomendasi IPAL, Waktu Tinggal.

ABSTRACT

The textile industry showed a positive growth trajectory during the first quarter of

2024. According to data from the Central Statistics Agency (BPS), the textile and

apparel industry showed a growth rate of 2.64%. This improved performance also

contributed to Indonesia's economic growth which reached 19.28%. The objectives

of this study were to evaluate the extent to which wastewater quality standards were

met, assess the extent to which the required residence time for each treatment unit

was adhered to, and provide recommendations to improve the performance of the

wastewater treatment plant (WWTP). This study used a quantitative descriptive

methodology, using the ANOVA single factor test and continued with the least

significant difference test with LSD. PT X is one of the companies engaged in the

integrated textile industry. In treating wastewater generated from its production

process, PT X operates a wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) with a capacity of

18,000-19,000 cubic meters per day with an area of approximately 3,711 square

meters. The wastewater treated by the WWTP is sourced from the production

process including the scouring, dyeing, and finishing processes. Based on the

analysis, the quality of wastewater produced by the PT X WWTP for the parameters

of temperature (23.3oC), pH (7.72), TSS (4 mg/L), ammonia (0.93 mg/L), BOD

(21.20 mg/L), COD, (85.33 mg/L), and color (89 Pt.Co) has met the quality

standards required in Appendix II of the Minister of Environment and Forestry

Regulation P.16 of 2019 concerning Wastewater Quality Standards, while the oil

and fat parameter has not met the quality standards, namely 49.45 mg/L. The

presence of waste from the cooking process (scouring) is a contributing factor, as

this contains oil and fat. Additionally, contamination from engine oil or lubricants

entering the carrier channel due to the proximity of the carrier channel to the

production equipment workshop area is a further cause. The residence time of each

PT X WWTP treatment unit, which consists of a bar screen unit (0.74 m/sec), an

equalization unit (4.32 hours), a coagulation unit (59.47 seconds), a flocculation

unit (54.77 seconds), a primary clarifier (2.01 hours), an oxidation ditch (19.44

hours), and a secondary clarifier (2.36 hours), is in accordance with the design

criteria. The concentration of oil and grease that still exceeds the quality standards

can be mitigated by the installation of a grease trap unit in the carrier channel,

situated prior to the wastewater entering the equalization unit. This will facilitate

the separation of oil and grease from the wastewater.To enhance the performance

of the WWTP, it is recommended that the addition of chemicals in the coagulation

and flocculation units be automated, that the location of the anionic polymer

injection be optimized, and that sludge monitoring be automated using a sludge

level sensor.

Keywords: ANOVA Test, Chemical Automation, Design Criteria, Detention Time,

Oil and Grease, Removal Efficiency, Textile, Wastewater Quality, WWTP

Recommendation.